On this page
English only · Odia translation in progress
Blue Economy
Auto-generated by
scripts/prepare-economic-survey.mjsfromreference/odisha-economic-survey/odisha-economic-survey-2026.md. Source: Odisha Economic Survey 2025-26, Government of Odisha. Do not edit by hand — re-run the script.
BLUE ECONOMY
CHAPTER 4
Abstract ---
The Blue economy focuses on making the most of ocean and coastal resources in a way that supports growth and livelihoods while keeping the environment in balance. With its long 575 km coastline and rich ecosystems, the potential in this space for Odisha is substantial. Fisheries, aquaculture, maritime trade, coastal tourism, renewable energy, and marine biotechnology are the key drivers of this sector.
Fisheries and aquaculture emerge as the dominant pillars of blue economy, supported by rapid growth in fish, shrimp, and crab production. Odisha has registered strong export performance in marine products, becoming the third-largest contributor among Indian states. State flagship initiatives like implementation of MMKY, increased private investment across fisheries value chain and promotion technologies have played a significant role in increasing fish production and exports. Deep sea fishing presents a major opportunity for Odisha to expand harvests beyond traditional coastal waters by accessing richer and more diverse fish stocks.
Beyond fisheries, Odisha is advancing new frontiers in the Blue Economy through offshore wind energy potential, port expansion, and improved inland water transport routes. Marine biotechnology receives dedicated focus through the OMBRIC initiative, designed to accelerate research, innovation, and commercialization of marine bio-resources.
Coastal and marine tourism is identified as a high-growth sector, supported by Odisha’s diverse seascapes, heritage sites, and adventure tourism potential. Upgradation of twelve priority beaches, promotion of water-based activities, and eco-tourism frameworks aim to create sustainable livelihood opportunities while preserving fragile ecosystems. There is need to unlock full economic potential of Chilika Lake through ecotourism, water-based recreation activities, aquaculture diversification, and community-based livelihood expansion.
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.1.1 The Blue Economy represents a sustainable approach for use and management of ocean and marine resources, balancing economic growth, environmental health, and social wellbeing. There is no universal definition of Blue Economy. However, it is commonly accepted that Blue Economy needs to be multi-dimensional.
4.1.2 As outlined by World Bank Group, the conceptual framework (Figure 4.1) illustrates ‘The Blue Economy’ within the broader “Ocean Economy” context. It highlights the interconnected relationship between natural capital assets and various ocean-based economic sector.
4.1.3 The Blue Economy (or the Ocean Economy) comprises of Seafood, Marine Biotechnology, Energy, Transport and Trade, Tourism and Recreation, Carbon Sequestration, Coastal Protection, Waste Disposal, Bio-diversity’s existence value. Various natural capital assets including living resources, non-living resources (such as oil etc.), and other ecosystems and ecosystem processes provide various inputs to support blue economy activities and also absorb outputs.
Figure 4.1: A conceptual framework of Blue Economy
Source: World Bank Group
4.1.4 Odisha is strategically positioned to harness the vast potential of the Blue Economy. With a coastline stretching over 575 kilometers, the state boasts rich and diverse ecosystems, including mangroves, coral reefs, and estuaries, which sustain abundant marine biodiversity. This ecological wealth, combined with Odisha’s varied agro-climatic zones and advanced
biotechnology research capabilities, positions the state as a key driver for sustainable Blue Economy development. Significance of the Blue Economy in Odisha is listed below (Figure 4.2).
Figure 4.2: Significance of Blue Economy in Odisha
| 1 | Fisheries and aquaculture: Odisha is a leading fish producer in India – with marine and inland fisheries critical for employment and food security. Chilika Lake – Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon and Hirakud-India’s third largest fresh water reservoir supports vibrant fishing industry. |
| 2 | Maritime Trade and Ports: Major ports like Paradip, Dhamra, and Gopalpur facilitate international trade and strengthen the logistics sector. These ports significantly contribute to India’s maritime economy by handling cargo and supporting shipping. |
| 3 | Coastal Tourism: Scenic beaches and tourism sites like Bhitarkanika National Park draw tourists, enhancing the job market. Expanding coastal tourism can strengthen the Blue Economy by promoting sustainable infrastructure and conservation efforts. |
| 4 | Renewable Energy and Marine Resources: Odisha’s coastline offers potential for offshore wind and tidal energy projects. Additionally, exploring marine bio-resources for pharmaceuticals and biotechnology presents opportunities for economic diversification. |
Box 4.1: Shaping the Blue Economy for Odisha: Vision 2036 & 2047
Blue Economy and Odisha’s Vision: For Blue economy, the Odisha Vision 2036 & 2047 emphasizes the development of fisheries and aquaculture ecosystems. The share of fisheries and aquaculture in agriculture GSDP is targeted to increase from 10.6 (per cent) of agricultural GSDP to 20–25 per cent by leveraging Odisha’s 575 kms coastline, Chilika Lake, and river systems. This aligns with the broader goal of achieving a USD 1.5 trillion economy by 2047, emphasizing sustainable growth, export-led prosperity, and inclusive livelihoods for coastal communities.
The state envisages to:
- Be among top two states in shrimp production and sea food export while empowering coastal communities and driving global recognition.
- Be among top three in inland fish and production, fueling livelihoods and nourishing the nutrition.
- Be among top 3 in marine fishing, unlocking oceanic potential for prosperity.
In addition, focus is to scale overall production to ~5 MMTPA (from 1 MMTPA), scaling up marine fisheries output to 0.6 MMTPA by establishing deep sea fishing harbors, introduction of deep-sea vessels, quadrupling shrimp production to 1.4 MMTPA, and increasing freshwater production to 3 MMTPA.
Key Initiatives in this respect include:
-
- Shrimp Enhancement:** Launch ‘Odisha Shrimp Mission’, boost seed/feed supply, expand brackish area to 10 km (50 per cent production boost), enhance processing/trade.
-
- Marine Scaling:** Develop deep-sea fishing harbors (e.g., Gopalpur), introduce Tuna longliners; upgrade vessels, deploy artificial reefs, enact territorial water leasing policy.
-
- Freshwater and brackish water cultural Expansion:** Create aquaculture clusters for export varieties (GIFT Tilapia, seabass, mud crabs), intensify systems (biofloc/RAS/Cage/IPRS), promote value-addition.
-
- Infrastructure Modernization:** Upgrade harbors/landing centers at Astaranga, Chudamani, Gopalpur, Bahabalpur, Balasore other marketing infrastructure with initiation of containerisation and air cargo facilities for export.
This vision will drive inclusive growth by creating high-value jobs (targeting 20 per cent income rise for fishermen), reducing imports, and boosting exports to position Odisha as a global hub.
Sectoral Investment Opportunities
4.1.5 Blue economy is an attractive investment proposition across various untapped segments with significant job creation potential. Coastal and marine tourism in the State is a cost-effective option for high spending domestic tourists in India looking for unique experience in eco-tourism, cruise services, adventure sports at reservoirs and scenic landscapes etc. Marine biotechnology is opening new investment possibilities in areas like medicine and sustainable materials. Paradip port and emerging ports are well positioned to make Odisha the gateway to Eastern India. Marine fishing is an important source of livelihood and can generate higher value with investment in capital equipment and increased exports. A summary of possible investment opportunities in different blue economy sectors is shown in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1: Investment opportunities in Blue Economy
| Sector | Sub-sector/Focus area | Drivers of Growth |
|---|---|---|
| Fisheries and Aquaculture | Deep sea and southern ocean fisheries | Modern fleets, offshore storage, monitoring tech, port infra for southern ocean |
| Seaweed farming | Seed banks, tissue culture labs, rafts, cluster farming, credit/ insurance | |
| Cage aquaculture and mariculture | Cage manufacturing, seabass/cobia fish farming, marine spatial zoning | |
| Fresh fish exports | Traceability, insulated transport, EU/US-compliant processing units | |
| Ornamental fisheries | Hatcheries, disease management, digital platforms, women-led enterprise scaling | |
| Ecosystem restoration | Mangrove/coral/seagrass restoration, blue carbon credits | |
| Processing, Cold chain value addition and infrastructure | Solar cold rooms, packhouses, marine harbor upgrades, digital linkages | |
| Bycatch reduction and sustainable gear | Selective gear, turtle excluders, real-time data, eco-label readiness | |
| Rejuvenation of marine resources | Deployment of artificial reef and sea ranching |
| Maritime transport & Shipping | Port modernization | Berth expansion, mechanization, night navigation |
| Fleet expansion and renewal | LNG carriers, clean tankers, maritime leasing and financing | |
| Coastal and inland waterways | Barges, Ro-Pax terminals, intermodal hubs, modal shift to waterways | |
| Digitization and port logistics | Single window, drone surveillance & monitoring | |
| Maritime financing ecosystem | Ship leasing hubs, dedicated credit lines, maritime funds | |
| Offshore Renewable Energy | Port infrastructure | Offshore terminals, under sea cabling |
| R&D and marine spatial planning | Environmental impact, GIS tools, investor data | |
| Coastal Tourism & Heritage | Eco-tourism infrastructure | Nature centers, coral zones, boardwalks, green transport |
| Blue flag beaches | Invest in testing, waste systems, renewable integration | |
| Cruise tourism and marinas | Luxury ships, shore excursions | |
| Heritage site revitalization | Coastal monuments, AR/VR trails, ASI-private partnerships | |
| Island tourism | Eco-resorts, cultural circuits, zero-emission logistics | |
| Community-based tourism | Homestays, souvenirs, cuisine tours | |
| Coastal trails and blue corridors | Walking/cycling routes (e.g. East Coast), cultural tourism | |
| Marine biotechnology and innovation | Blue biotech parks | Parks near R&D hubs with testing and processing infra |
| Seaweed bio-refineries | Product clusters: fertilizers, bioplastics, cosmetics | |
| Startup and IP ecosystem | Accelerators, seed funds, global buyer access, Blue Innovation Fund | |
| Non-living resources | Blue infrastructure | Floating units, offshore ports |
| Environmental safeguards | Green mining, restoration bonds, transparent EIA mechanisms | |
| Critical minerals processing | Domestic refining for batteries, electronics, rare earths |
Source: Transforming India’s Blue Economy, May 2025, Ministry of Earth Science, Government of India
4.2 FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE
4.2.1 Odisha is endowed with an impressive 7.12 lakh hectares of freshwater resources, 4.18 lakh hectares of brackish water resources, and a vast coastline stretching 575 kilometers. By judiciously harnessing these resources, the state can substantially augment fish production from capture, culture, and culture-based capture fisheries, thereby catering to both domestic and export markets. This, in turn, is expected to create ample employment and income-generating opportunities for the rural poor, women, and youth, ultimately contributing to the state’s food and nutritional security. The State government has set targets to total inland fish production and double the present level of export by FY 2029-30, thereby unlocking the immense potential of the fisheries sector and propelling the state’s economy forward.
Overview of fish production
4.2.2 Odisha is the 4th largest fish producer in the country. Fish production has grown consistently at a higher than all India level. Between 2015-16 and 2024-25, fish production in Odisha grew at 9.6 per cent CAGR. In 2024-25, fish production rose 6.1 per cent over last year to reach 11.92 lakh MT in 2024-25 from 11.24 lakh MT in 2023-24. The major chunk of this came from freshwater sources (66 per cent) followed by marine (20 per cent) and brackish water (14 per cent). Freshwater and brackish water fish production have grown at CAGR of 9.9 per cent and 17.3 per cent, respectively. Between 2015-16 and 2024-25, while marine fish production increased at 5.7 per cent during the same period. This reflects Odisha’s broader shift towards aquaculture-led growth driven by initiatives for quality seed production, diversification with high yielding fish varieties intensification of culture practices with introduction of bio-floc, RAS and cage culture etc. and government schemes and policies.
Figure 4.3: Total Fish Production in Odisha (in lakh MT)
| Year | Marine fish (lakh MT) | Inland fish (lakh MT) | Total Fish Production (lakh MT) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-21 | 1.72 | 7.01 | 8.73 |
| 2021-22 | 2.01 | 7.89 | 9.90 |
| 2022-23 | 2.13 | 8.39 | 10.52 |
| 2023-24 | 2.27 | 8.97 | 11.24 |
| 2024-25 | 2.39 | 9.53 | 11.92 |
Source: Directorate of Fisheries, Government of Odisha
4.2.3 Under Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY), the state has achieved progress in fisheries development. This includes the excavation of 201.5 hectares of grow-out ponds, the establishment of 12 hatcheries, and the installation of 132 cage culture units in Hirakud reservoir.
4.2.4 Looking ahead, the state aims to expand development by 10,000 hectares annually, establish multi-species hatcheries, and promote modern technologies such as biofloc/RAS systems and cage culture. Furthermore, Odisha has rolled out Mukhyamantri Matsyajivi Kalyan Yojana (MMKY) as an umbrella programme to promote sustainable aquaculture, expand fish production, and enhance livelihoods for fishers and aquaculture farmers through institutional support, infrastructure development, and value chain strengthening. MMKY has been approved with a total budget outlay of ₹2,239 crore for five years (2024-25 to 2028-29). During 2024-25, a total of 1.89 lakh fishers have been benefited under this scheme.
Figure 4.4: Key Components of MMKY
| Component Number | Component Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Input assistant to WSHGs |
| 2 | Bio-floc technology by WSHGs |
| 3 | Revolving fund for WSHGs |
| 4 | Scholarship to meritorious students of fisheries family |
| 5 | Input assistance for farm pond+ |
| 6 | Reactivation of PFCs |
| 7 | Aquaculture through Bio-floc technology |
| 8 | Maccha Chasa Pain Nua Pokhari Khola Yojana |
| 9 | Assistance to fish seed hatcheries for early breeding |
| 10 | Input assistance to network of seed growers |
| 11 | Popularization of fisheries machinery/ equipments |
| 12 | Promotion of reservoir fishery production |
| 13 | New tank excavation under brackish water |
| 14 | Promotion of aquaculture and shrimp export cell |
| 15 | Livelihood support to marine fisherman |
| 16 | Motorisation of traditional crafts |
| 17 | Financial assistance for new boat, engine and net |
MMKY 2025-29
₹2,239 crore
Source: Fisheries and Animal Resources Department, Government of Odisha
Brackish Water Shrimp Production
4.2.5 Brackish water shrimp production in Odisha has experienced remarkable growth, increasing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 18.85 per cent from 29.91 thousand MT in 2015-16 to 141.56 thousand MT in 2024-25. Prior to 2015-16, the share of shrimp production from the brackish water culture sector was relatively low. However, post 2015-16, there has been a significant surge in shrimp production from brackish water culture, surpassing production from Chilika Lake and Estuaries, and making brackish water the highest contributor to shrimp production. This shift highlights the sector’s potential and the impact of initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable brackish water aquaculture. The growth in brackish water shrimp
production is a testament to the state’s efforts to develop its fisheries sector and tap into the lucrative global seafood market. Further, to expand shrimp production, Odisha is exploring the possibilities for culture of White leg Shrimp (L. Vannamei) in fresh water/ inland farms beyond the Coastal Aquaculture Authority (CAA) jurisdiction (i.e. 2 km-10 km from the high tide line) with supportive policy initiative.
Figure 4.5: Brackish water shrimp production, 2020-21 to 2024-25 (‘000 MT)
| Year | Production (‘000 MT) |
|---|---|
| 2020-21 | 108.3 |
| 2021-22 | 122.1 |
| 2022-23 | 127.7 |
| 2023-24 | 136.7 |
| 2024-25(P) | 141.6 |
Source: Directorate of fisheries, Government of Odisha
4.2.6 To further augment shrimp production and expand export-oriented aquaculture, the State Government is preparing to launch a dedicated Shrimp Mission. The initiative aims to scale up shrimp farming through improved area utilisation, input support, and infrastructure development. The State is exploring the cultivation of White Leg Shrimp (L. Vannamei) in freshwater and inland farms beyond the jurisdiction of the CAA, particularly in areas located 2 km to 10 km from the High Tide Line. This exploration is based on guidelines issued by the Government of India and is expected to unlock additional culture acreage, enhance productivity, and diversify farm locations. The proposed mission also seeks to strengthen broodstock access, feed and seed supply chains, disease surveillance, biosecurity protocols, and market linkages to boost competitiveness in the shrimp value chain.
Crab Production
4.2.7 Crab production in Odisha has shown a steady growth trend over the last ten years, but overall production has increased significantly from 3.77 thousand MT in 2015-16 to 9.55 thousand MT in 2024-25, registering a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 10.88 per cent. Notably, crab production grew by 14.78 per cent in 2024-25, reaching 9.55 thousand MT from 9.26 thousand MT in 2023-24. Below Figure 4.6 shows the trend and year wise growth rate of crab production in Odisha.
4.2.8 Odisha has undertaken several strategic initiatives to boost crab production, as part of its commitment to enhancing the Blue Economy and supporting coastal livelihoods. Recognizing
the increasing market potential and ecological significance of crabs, the Department, under the Enhancing Climate Resilience of India’s Coastal Communities (ECRICC) Project, plans to implement Crab Farming and Fattening demonstration activities in Odisha’s coastal districts, with technical support from the Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA).
Figure 4.6: Crab Production in Odisha, 2020-21 to 2024-25 (In ‘000 MT)
| Year | Crab Production (In ‘000 MT) |
|---|---|
| 2020-21 | 5.69 |
| 2021-22 | 7.54 |
| 2022-23 | 8.32 |
| 2023-24 | 9.26 |
| 2024-25 | 9.55 |
Source: Directorate of fisheries, Government of Odisha
4.2.9 Existing hatchery infrastructure, particularly the units at Paradip, will be leveraged to establish a suitable crab hatchery with capacity of 1 million crab instar production under the ECRICC Project. This will develop sustainable crab hatchery technologies, improve hatchling survival rates, and promote fattening practices that increase marketable crab yield to boost crab production.
Fish Seed Production
4.2.10 Fish seed production constitutes a foundational component of the fisheries and aquaculture ecosystem, directly influencing productivity, farm-level profitability, and sectoral sustainability. A consistent and adequate supply of quality fish seed underpins expansion in aquaculture output, supports local enterprises, and stimulates associated value chains. The sector contributes meaningfully to employment generation and income enhancement in hatcheries and allied activities.
4.2.11 Odisha has recorded a significant expansion in fish spawn production, reflecting a significant expansion in hatchery breeding capacity. Output rose from 347.2 crore units in 2019-20 to 1,119.3 crore units in 2024-25, registering a CAGR of 26.4 per cent. Fry production, a key indicator of successful rearing of spawn into field-ready seed, also recorded a significant increase during the period, rising from 94.7 lakh to 330.2 lakh and registering a CAGR of 28.4 per cent. This expansion in output at both the spawn and fry stages has been driven largely by private sector, which accounts for nearly 80 per cent of total production as of 2024-25.
Figure 4.7: Fish Seed and Fry Production across Time (in lakh numbers)
| Year | Spawn (in lakhs) | Fry (in lakhs) |
|---|---|---|
| 2019-20 | 347.2 | 94.7 |
| 2020-21 | 481.6 | 119.4 |
| 2021-22 | 510.3 | 151.0 |
| 2022-23 | 928.8 | 278.6 |
| 2023-24 | 1094.9 | 310.0 |
| 2024-25(P) | 1119.3 | 330.2 |
Source: Fisheries and Animal Resources Development Department, Government of Odisha
4.2.12 Complementing private investment, strategic public sector interventions have played a catalytic role. Initiatives such as establishment and strengthening of freshwater hatcheries, have contributed to capacity creation and technology dissemination. The commissioning of 11 finfish hatcheries and one freshwater scampi hatchery under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) has further reinforced the institutional framework for seed production, reducing Odisha’s dependence on inter-state supplies and improving supply chain resilience.
Deep Sea fishing
4.2.13 Deep sea fishing across exclusive economic zone up to 200 nautical miles covering 0.17 million sq. km represents a significant opportunity for expanding marine fisheries beyond territorial coastal waters of 12 nm, offering access to diverse fish species and higher productivity potential. This sector requires advanced vessel technology, safety equipment, and monitoring systems to operate effectively in deeper oceanic waters while ensuring sustainable fishing practices. At present, Odisha’s deep sea fishing activity remains limited compared to potential. The state fleet continues to be largely dominated by traditional vessels focused on nearshore operations.
4.2.14 Odisha is actively modernizing its marine fisheries sector through strategic deep sea fishing initiatives. The State has signed an MoU with ICAR-CIFT for technical collaboration on designing modern deep-sea fishing vessel designs, including energy-efficient hull forms, onboard fish-handling systems and safety equipment specifically suitable for Odisha’s marine conditions. This partnership aims to enhance the state’s capability to explore untapped deep-sea fisheries potential through technologically advanced vessels.
4.2.15 To ensure maritime safety and effective monitoring, the government has enforced mandatory installation of approved transponders in mechanized fishing vessels. Currently, ISRO transponders have been installed in 1,712 mechanized and motorized fishing boats out of a total proposed 2,083 boats, enabling vessel tracking and surveillance through the State’s
“NABAMITRA” app. The State is also promoting deep-sea fishing vessels under the MKUY scheme while upgrading existing fishing vessels for export competency under PMMSY. Additionally, LPG kits are being installed in motorized fishing vessels operating along Odisha’s coast as part of conservation measures to reduce environmental impact.
Exports and Imports of Fish Products
4.2.16 Aquaculture occupies a strategically important position in Odisha’s economy and export structure. In a state where exports are otherwise dominated by minerals and metals, seafood and aquaculture products provide critical diversification to the export basket. The sector supports significant employment and income generation across the value chain. Strong international demand further enhances the sector’s importance as a stable source of foreign exchange.
4.2.17 In terms of export contribution, marine products (largely driven by aquaculture, especially shrimp) account for roughly 5 per cent of Odisha’s total merchandise exports, making it one of the most significant non-mineral export categories from the state. Marine exports from Odisha have shown a strong upward trend over the past years. Between 2019–20 and 2024–25, export value increased from approximately ₹3,244 crore to ₹4,708 crore, reflecting a robust CAGR of 7.7 per cent. This growth reflects improvements in aquaculture productivity, expansion of shrimp farming, better processing infrastructure, and deeper integration with global value chains. Overall, aquaculture not only strengthens Odisha’s agricultural export basket but also contributes to inclusive economic growth and greater resilience of the state’s export economy.
Figure 4.8: Value of Marine Exports from Odisha across Time (in ₹ crores)
| Year | Value (in ₹ crores) |
|---|---|
| 2019-20 | 3243.9 |
| 2020-21 | 3107.7 |
| 2021-22 | 4627.9 |
| 2022-23 | 4546.5 |
| 2023-24 | 3954.6 |
| 2024-25 | 4708.1 |
Source: Marine Promotion & Export Development Agency (MPEDA), Government of India
4.2.18 Major export destinations include the United States, China, Viet Nam, Japan, the GCC countries, the European Union, indicating the state’s presence in both premium and mass-market seafood segments. Over 65 per cent of export value comes from the top three markets, underscoring their importance to the export economy while also revealing potential vulnerabilities due to market concentration. Besides we have exported seafood to 45 destinations during 2024–25.
Figure 4.9: Share of Major Export Destinations in 2024-25 (by quantity of export/
Value of export to be mentioned and data to be revised with attached sheet)
| Destination | Share (%) |
|---|---|
| U.S. | 28.5 |
| China | 20.1 |
| Viet Nam | 19.1 |
| Japan | 7.4 |
| UAE | 4.9 |
| Belgium | 4.5 |
| Canada | 2.6 |
| Netherland | 2.3 |
| Germany | 1.6 |
| Kuwait | 1.3 |
Source: Fisheries and Animal Resources Development Department, Government of Odisha
4.2.19 The sector demonstrated resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-21. Despite an 8.9 per cent decline in export volumes due to global supply chain disruptions and weakened demand, the export value remained relatively stable at ₹3,100 crore. Post-pandemic, exports rebounded sharply, although 2022-23 and 2023-24 witnessed slight moderation in values and volumes amid challenges such as global oversupply, falling prices, and logistical constraints. By 2024-25, the sector recorded strong growth again, with export value rising from ₹3,955 crore to ₹4,708 crore, reinforcing Odisha’s position as a key hub in India’s marine export ecosystem. However, looking ahead, the sector faces significant challenges in key markets such as the U.S., one of the Odisha’s major export destinations for the state. Exports to the U.S. are currently subject to tariffs exceeding 50 per cent, which undermine price competitiveness against other exporters such as Ecuador and Indonesia, leading to declining shipments and growing uncertainty for industry stakeholders.
4.2.20 It is crucial to diversify export destinations to reduce over-reliance on the U.S. market and shield the economy from potential adverse effects of trade disputes or tariffs. To facilitate strategic expansion, a detailed analysis of commodity exports was conducted, identifying major importing countries and comparing their total imports from the world with imports from India. This approach helped highlight markets with untapped or underutilized potential. By tapping these opportunities, exporters can focus on countries where demand exists, but current export penetration is low, thereby fostering a more balanced, resilient, and growth-oriented export strategy.
4.2.21 Traceability also plays an very important role in expanding seafood export, where registration of farms under CAA rules become mandatory for farming in coastal areas within 2 Km from HTL. Odisha stands at top with highest area under new registration during 24-25 and 2nd highest followed by Andhra Pradesh at national level with 13491 registered farms having water spread area of 9871 ha by 24-25. (Source: CAA Annual report 2024-25).
Table 4.2: List of Potential Export Markets
| Potential Markets | Shrimp Imports from World (in USD bn) | Shrimp Imports from India (in USD bn) | Shrimp Imports from Odisha (in ₹ Cr) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | 0.6 | 0.1 | 109.7 |
| Spain | 1.2 | 0.02 | 9.2 |
| Italy | 0.7 | 0.05 | 6.8 |
| Australia | 0.3 | 0.00003 | No |
| Korea, Rep. | 0.7 | 0.02 | 14.2 |
| Taiwan, China | 0.4 | 0.007 | 1.9 |
| France | 0.9 | 0.1 | 40.4 |
| Albania | 0.01 | 0.001 | No |
| Singapore | 0.1 | 0.005 | No |
| United States | 6.3 | 2.4 | 1343 |
Source: ITC Trade Map, Fisheries and Animal Resources Development Department, Government of Odisha
Marine exports by States in India
Odisha has emerged as a key contributor to India’s marine exports and currently ranks third among states. This growth is supported by its substantial natural endowments – over 7.1 lakh hectares of freshwater and 4.18 lakh hectares of brackish water, including Chilika Lake. Further, targeted government initiatives such as the Mukhyamantri Matsyajibi Kalyan Yojana (MMKY), position Odisha as a competitive and resilient market player.
Figure 4.10: State-wise Marine Exports in 2024-25 (in ₹ crores)
| State | Marine Exports (in ₹ crores) |
|---|---|
| Andhra Pradesh | 25284 |
| Gujarat | 4734 |
| Odisha | 4708 |
| Kerala | 3044 |
| West Bengal | 2623 |
| Tamil Nadu | 2011 |
| Maharashtra | 960 |
| Karnataka | 775 |
| Goa | 293 |
| Assam | 76 |
| Bihar | 5 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 5 |
Source: Ministry of Commerce Dashboard, Government of India
Export and import of freshwater fish
4.2.22 Between 2019-20 and 2024-25, Odisha’s freshwater fish exports to other states have steadily increased, rising from 50.4 thousand tonnes in 2019-20 to an estimated 72.8 thousand tonnes in 2024-25. This growth reflects a robust CAGR of 7.6 per cent, reflecting the state’s capacity to meet rising demand in other states while effectively leveraging its natural fresh water resources.
4.2.23 Over the same period, imports of freshwater fish into Odisha declined, from 46.3 thousand tonnes in 2019-20 to 29.7 thousand tonnes in 2024-25. As a result, the state is projected to become a net exporter, with a surplus of 43.1 thousand tonnes in 2024-25, indicating that Odisha is now exporting significantly more than it imports. This transition from a net importer to a net exporter underscores Odisha’s growing self-sufficiency in aquaculture and its increasing integration into domestic fish markets.
Figure 4.11: Inter-State Export and Import of Freshwater Fish (in ‘000 mt)
| Year | Export (‘000 mt) | Import (‘000 mt) |
|---|---|---|
| 2019-20 | 50.4 | 46.3 |
| 2020-21 | 45.3 | 43.0 |
| 2021-22 | 53.8 | 50.5 |
| 2022-23 | 54.1 | 39.6 |
| 2023-24 | 64.4 | 33.4 |
| 2024-25 | 72.8 | 29.7 |
Source: Fisheries and Animal Resources Development Department, Government of Odisha
Box 4.2: Case study on successful sustainable fishing practices
Transforming Rural Livelihoods Through Integrated Rice-Fish Farming
Sri Sanjaya Bhoi, a marginal farmer from Suknabhata village in Kesinga block of Kalahandi district, Odisha, has traditionally cultivated double-cropped paddy on his 2-acre land. Like many smallholders, his livelihood was highly dependent on seasonal rice yields, resulting in modest and uncertain income levels.
Before the intervention, his annual income was limited to about ₹ 70,000, with high dependence on a single crop and exposure to climate-related risks such as rainfall variability and water stress. Limited diversification and suboptimal use of land and water resources further constrained income growth and livelihood resilience.
In 2024, under the Odisha Integrated Irrigation Project for Climate Resilient Agriculture (OIIPCRA), Sri Bhoi adopted integrated rice-fish farming by introducing aquaculture in 27 per cent of his land through peripheral trenches while continuing paddy cultivation in the remaining area. The project provided 100 per cent financial support for trench excavation, technical training in rice-fish culture and water management, stocking of Rohu, Catla and Mrigal, adoption of high-yielding rice varieties, dyke cropping with pigeon pea, and regular technical handholding by field officials.
An aerial photograph showing a rectangular plot of land divided into several smaller, rectangular sections. Each section appears to be a paddy field with green rice plants. Some sections have darker, water-filled areas, likely the peripheral trenches used for fish farming. The overall pattern is a grid-like arrangement of fields and water bodies.
Impact
The intervention resulted in a significant (3 fold) improvement in income and livelihood security. While earnings from rice cultivation remained stable at ₹70,000 through production of 32 quintal paddy from 1.26 Acre land area, integrated fish farming generated an additional ₹1.40 lakh through production of 1000 kg fish from 0.58 Acre pond and 40 kg of pigeon pea from the dyke area, increasing total annual income to ₹2.10 lakh which was nearly three times the pre-intervention level. The integrated system also enhanced resource efficiency, reduced dependence on monocropping, improved climate resilience, and strengthened household nutrition through regular fish availability.
This successful demonstration highlights integrated rice-fish farming as a viable, climate-smart, and income-enhancing model for small and marginal farmer Building on these outcomes, the Department is now planning to scale up the initiative across all 30 districts of Odisha to promote sustainable livelihoods, income diversification, and nutritional security.
Infrastructure Development
4.2.24 The State Cabinet has approved the “Infrastructure Development” scheme with a total outlay of ₹696.2 crore for a period of three years to develop and upgrade 619 projects aimed at strengthening fisheries infrastructure across Odisha. Besides, mega infrastructure projects have also been taken under CSS-PMMSY scheme. Major initiatives under the scheme include the construction of a state-of-the-art wholesale market at Basta (₹ 78.3 crore), development of an advanced aquaculture hub including the Integrated Aquapark at Hirakud (₹ 100 crore), establishment of Aqua referral diagnostic laboratories at the College of Fisheries, Rangeilunda (₹ 10 crore).
4.2.25 In addition to these projects, the scheme has sanctioned the upgradation of Dhamra Fishing Harbour has been sanctioned with an allocation of 55.9 crore. Further, the establishment of a state-of-the-art training institute (FOTI) at Kausalyaganga state fish farm has also been initiated with an outlay of ₹ 15 Crore.
4.2.26 Furthermore, significant progress has been made in the construction of Chandipur Fishing Harbour (₹ 77.5 crore) and Fish Landing Centres (FLCs) at Kalupadaghat (₹17.6 crore), Sorana (₹ 18.6 crore) and Kasia (₹ 16.4 crore). The up-gradation, repair and renovation of existing OSSPARC hatchery complex at Gopalpur on Sea (₹ 21.7 crore) in Ganjam district to enable commercial-scale production of high health Penaeus monodon & Sea bass. Additionally, a Satellite GIFT multiplication centre at Bomlai, Sambalpur (₹ 0.8 Cr) has been taken up.
4.2.27 To support scientific aquaculture practices, eight district-level aqua laboratories located in Sambalpur, Balasore, Bhadrak, Kendrapara, Jagatsinghpur, Khordha, Puri, and Ganjam are now fully operational for disease diagnosis and soil and water testing, ensuring a research-driven approach to boosting fish production across the state.
Artificial reefs boost Odisha’s marine fisheries by providing fish breeding grounds. They protect the coastline from cyclones and erosion, support fishing communities’ livelihoods, promote coastal tourism, and enhance marine biodiversity for sustainable blue economy development.
Odisha is building artificial reefs at 93 coastal locations with a ₹28.83 crore investment in partnership with NIO Goa. Out of these, 69 sites have been completed successfully as of 2024-25.
4.3 OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY
4.3.1 Offshore renewable energy represents an emerging pillar of the blue economy and holds significant potential to contribute to Odisha’s clean energy transition. Globally, offshore wind has witnessed rapid growth, particularly in Europe and East Asia, supported by falling technology costs, maturing supply chains, and favorable policy regimes. India has also identified offshore wind as a strategic component of its future energy mix in pursuit of net-zero commitments and energy security goals. India has approved viability gap funding for offshore wind energy projects in 2024-25.
4.3.2 Odisha’s vast coastline and favorable wind patterns provide a natural basis for exploring offshore wind deployment. As per Government of India, Odisha has a potential of 12130 MW of wind power. Under the OREP-2022 provisions, the state has implemented a systematic approach to wind energy development, with the first 500 MW of capacity allocated to developers through a first-come, first-served mechanism.
4.3.3 Going forward, Odisha can leverage its coastal advantages to establish the foundations for offshore renewable energy deployment. Priority actions may include identification of suitable offshore blocks, facilitation of bathymetric and seabed surveys, and continued resource assessments to improve investor visibility. Enabling access to transmission planning and grid evacuation corridors would further support sectoral readiness. Financing options such as viability gap funding, blended finance structures, long-term power purchase pathways, and multilateral climate finance could play a role in improving project bankability. Alignment with central government initiatives such as offshore wind leasing frameworks, infrastructure support schemes, and hydrogen-linked procurement mechanisms may also strengthen market signals for developers. Engagement between central agencies, state authorities, research institutions, and private developers could help Odisha position itself as an emerging hub for offshore renewable activity on the east coast over the medium term.
Box 4.3: India Launches ₹7,453 Crore Offshore Wind Energy Initiative in June 2024
The Government has approved India’s first offshore wind energy scheme worth ₹7,453 crore to establish 1 GW of wind power capacity in ocean waters1. The funding includes ₹6,853 crore for installing sea-based wind turbines and ₹600 crore for upgrading ports to handle specialized equipment.
Offshore wind farms offer superior advantages over land-based projects as they generate more consistent electricity due to stronger sea winds, require less storage backup, and create more jobs. These projects will produce 3.72 billion units of clean electricity annually, powering millions of homes while reducing 2.98 million tons of CO2 emissions each year.
Private sectors shall build wind farms through competitive bidding, while government agencies will develop power transmission infrastructure. This pioneering initiative will establish India’s offshore wind sector foundation, potentially attracting future investments worth ₹4.5 lakh crore and supporting the country’s clean energy transition goals.
4.4 PORT, SHIPPING AND MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE
4.4.1 Odisha, with its strategic geographic position, is poised to become an Eastern Gateway for India. Its coastal location along the Bay of Bengal provides an ideal hub for maritime trade and connectivity with Southeast Asian nations. Ports like Paradip, Dhamra and Gopalpur are key points for trade routes connecting India with ASEAN countries. Paradip port accounts for 17.62 percent of cargo handled in volume by major ports in India in 2024-25 and ranks number one in the country in bulk cargo handled.
The Sahid Baji Rout Noujatra Surakshya Yojana launched by State Government is a water transport safety scheme that provides life-saving equipment like lifebuoys, life jackets, and fire extinguishers to boat operators in Odisha. The program offers a 95 percent subsidy to private boat and launch operators, while government and PSU-run boats receive the equipment free of cost. This initiative aims to enhance passenger safety standards across the State’s inland waterways and coastal vessels
4.4.2 Similarly, cargo handling at Dhamra Port doubled from 20.7 MMT in 2018-19 to 46.1 MMT in 2024-25. In addition, Gopalpur Port handled much smaller amounts with cargo handling varying from 1.1 MMT in 2018-19 to 6.0 in 2023-24. Overall, all three ports together show (Figure 4.14) that Odisha is handling more cargo each year, which helps the state’s trade and business growth.
4.4.3 Besides Paradip, Odisha has identified 14 potential locations for development of non-major ports in the State. Under this, ports at Dhamra (Bhadrak) and Gopalpur (Ganjam) are operational while Subarnarekha (Balasore) and Astaranga (Puri) are under development. The state’s ports contribute significantly to India’s maritime economy by handling cargo and supporting the shipping industry.
1 https://iced.niti.gov.in/energy/fuel-sources/wind/potential
Figure 4.12: Port wise cargo handled, Odisha, 2018-19 to 2024-25
| Year | Paradip (MMT) | Dhamra (MMT) | Gopalpur (MMT) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-19 | 109.3 | 20.7 | 1.1 |
| 2019-20 | 112.7 | 29.7 | 1.5 |
| 2020-21 | 114.6 | 32.4 | 5.6 |
| 2021-22 | 116.1 | 33.4 | 10.7 |
| 2022-23 | 135.4 | 31.3 | 8.0 |
| 2023-24 | 145.4 | 42.8 | 11.4 |
| 2024-25 | 150.4 | 46.1 | 6.0 |
Source: Directorate of Inland Water Transport, Government of Odisha
Figure 4.13: List of ports across the coastal state of Odisha, 2025
- Bichitrapur (Talashari)
- Subarnarekha Mouth (Kirtania)
- Bangalpur
- Chandipur
- Inchudi
- Chudamani
- Dhamra
- Paradip port
- Astaranga
- Baliharchandi
- Palur
- Gopalpur
- Bahuda Muhan
Source: Commerce and Transport Department, Government of Odisha
4.4.4 Similarly, Maritime infrastructure plays a crucial role in enhancing trade and economic connectivity in Odisha, a state with a strategic location on the eastern coast of India. As of 2024-25, Odisha boasts 2,425 kilometers of rivers, canals, and lakes, with 64.1 percent of these waterways being navigable.
4.4.5 The state has identified 31 riverine routes across two divisions of the state to develop inland water transport and improve connectivity between different regions. Below table provides a detailed route chart of Inland Water Transport (IWT) in Odisha for the year 2024-25. During this period, a total of 1.7 lakh passengers utilized the IWT routes generating ₹ 47.3 lakh revenue. In addition, 191 new passenger boats were registered while 138 boats registration was renewed generating an amount of ₹ 6.6 lakhs.
Table 4.3: Route Details of Inland Water Transport in Odisha
| Year | Name of Division | Operation Routes | Length of Operational Routes (in Kms.) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-25 (Up to March 2025) | Balugaon Sub-Division | Balugaon to Krushnaprasadgarh | 17 |
| Balugaon to Kalijai | 15 | ||
| Nuagada to Gandakul | 17 | ||
| Chandabali Sub-Division | Chandabali to Talchua | 33 | |
| Dhamara to Talchua to Nalitapatia and back | 33 | ||
| Chandabali to Bhitarkanika | 31 |
Source: Directorate of Inland Water Transport, Odisha
Figure 4.14: Fare generated through Inland Water Transport; March 2025
| Year | Fare Collected (in lakhs) |
|---|---|
| 2023-24 | 41.29 |
| 2024-25 | 47.39 |
Source: Directorate of Inland Water Transport, Government of Odisha
4.4.6 Odisha has two maritime training institutes that help strengthen skills like boat repair and navigation for both inland water transport and sea-going ships. The Crew Training Institute is located in Chandbali, Bhadrak district, and the Odisha Maritime Academy is in Paradip. These institutes train young people to operate and maintain inland boats and sea-going vessels. In the financial year 2024-25, 24 students joined the 10-month regular training course while 20 students joined the 3-month refresher training course for Deck and Engine Rating. These training programs help prepare people to work on boats and ships both in rivers and at sea.
Box 4.4: Harnessing Marine Biotechnology, Odisha
Odisha has launched the Odisha Marine Biotechnology Research, Innovation and Commercialization (OMBRIC) initiative as a flagship program to establish a comprehensive marine biotechnology ecosystem along India’s eastern coast. With an allocated investment of ₹1,000 lakhs, this strategic initiative brings together academicians, researchers, innovators, entrepreneurs, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to accelerate research and commercialization in marine biotechnology. OMBRIC represents the State’s approach to transform its extensive coastal advantages and proximity to the Bay of Bengal into substantial economic opportunities through cutting-edge biotechnology applications.
The initiative focuses on developing a robust roadmap for strengthening Odisha’s marine biotechnology sector by harnessing the untapped potential of marine resources in the Bay of Bengal. To further bolster this ecosystem, the Biotechnology Innovation Grant (BINg) provides crucial funding support to innovative biotech startups, offering up to ₹50 lakh over 18 months to transform promising ideas from ideation to proof of concept.
Through OMBRIC, Odisha aims to create meaningful synergies between various stakeholders, driving innovation, research excellence, and sustainable utilization of marine resources while positioning the state as a premier hub for marine biotechnology research and innovation.
4.5 COASTAL AND MARINE TOURISM
4.5.1 Coastal and marine tourism constitutes an important segment of the Blue Economy and offers significant potential for income generation, employment creation, and community-based development. “We cannot think of a time that is oceanless,” wrote T.S. Eliot. Coastal and marine tourism represents one of the world’s most significant economic sectors. Globally, this sector contributed $1.5 trillion directly to the world economy in 2023 and supports 100 million jobs. Coastal tourism creates a ripple effect that benefits entire economies beyond just hotels and restaurants. The sector generates $3.3 trillion in total economic value globally (including direct and indirect) and produces $1.3 trillion in tax revenues when all supporting businesses are included – from farmers supplying food to drivers providing transport services.
4.5.2 Odisha, with its 575-kilometer coastline along the Bay of Bengal, is strategically positioned to tap into this trillion-dollar industry and create substantial employment opportunities across the state. Odisha’s coastal landscape includes sandy beaches, estuaries, lagoons, mangrove forests, and island ecosystems, along with religious, cultural, and maritime heritage sites that attract domestic and international visitors.
4.5.3 Tourism sector has been accorded the title of “Focus Sector” by Government of Odisha and state has adopted comprehensive strategy to attract and support investors (for capital investment subsidy, land allocation, interest subsidy, stamp duty exemptions, environmental protection infrastructure subsidy among others). The state through its “Odisha Tourism Policy 2022 and Odisha Tourism (Amendment) Policy, 2026” extensively promoted beach tourism, cruises, houseboats, yachts, hotels, tented accommodations, cuisines, MICE tourism and destination wedding among others.
4.5.4 Odisha’s pristine beaches at Puri, Gopalpur, Balasore etc. and vast water bodies and reservoirs such as Hirakud reservoir on river Mahanadi, provides opportunities for array of sports and adventure activities. The “Adventure Tourism Guidelines 2025”2 aims to transform the state into premier adventure hub by developing diverse adventure sports. State has envisaged the following category of adventure sports to be carried out at strategic locations (Figure 4.16).
4.5.5 Odisha has identified a network of twelve coastal beaches for development with modern tourism infrastructure and visitor amenities. These locations are being upgraded with improved sanitation facilities, beachfront landscaping, safety and surveillance systems, wayfinding and illumination, and enhanced hospitality services. Provisioning for leisure activities, regulated water sports, and experience-based tourism elements is being integrated to diversify offerings beyond traditional beach tourism. The initiative seeks to improve visitor comfort, strengthen coastal tourism branding, and position Odisha’s coastline as a competitive destination for both domestic and international travellers. The identified beaches are shown in the map below (Figure 4.15).
2 Department of Tourism, Government of Odisha
Figure 4.15: Beaches under development in Odisha
Source: Department of Tourism, Government of Odisha
Box 4.5: Potential of Adventure tourism in Odisha
Adventure tourism and Odisha: Odisha’s Adventure Tourism Guidelines 2025 creates a framework for promoting activities such as kayaking, scuba diving, river cruising, and parasailing, which directly align with Blue Economy principles. These water-based adventure sports utilize coastal and marine resources in a sustainable manner, encouraging eco-friendly tourism while preserving biodiversity in areas like Chilika Lake, Gopalpur, Puri, and Talasari beaches across the coastal districts. By integrating these activities with marine conservation programs and coastal livelihood initiatives, Odisha can transform its coastline into a hub for responsible tourism, generating revenue while safeguarding natural ecosystems.
Furthermore, the guidelines emphasize community participation, skill development, and private sector investment, which are critical for inclusive growth under the Blue Economy framework. Training local youth as certified instructors and operators for water sports and adventure activities will create employment opportunities and reduce migration from coastal regions. Coupled with fiscal incentives like Capital Investment Subsidy (CIS) and marketing strategies targeting domestic and international tourists, Odisha can position itself as a premier destination for marine-based adventure tourism. This approach not only
strengthens Odisha’s tourism economy but also fosters resilience in coastal communities by linking adventure tourism with fisheries, eco-tourism, and maritime trade, creating a holistic and sustainable economic model.
Figure 4.16: Types of adventure tourism and tentative locations
| Category-1: Aero Sports | Category-2: Land based Adventure Sports | Category-3: Water based Adventure Sports | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Activities | Potential Destinations | Activities | Potential Destinations | Activities | Potential Destinations |
| Hot Air Ballooning | Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Hirakud, Deomali, Chilika Lake, Tampara, Puri, Daringbadi, Dhauli | Bungee Jumping | Keonjhar, Mayurbhanj, Sundergarh, Deomali, Daringbadi, Mahendragiri, Barunei Hills | Kayaking / Sea Kayaking/ Rowing | Puri, Gopalpur, Talasari, Chilika Lake, Satkosia, Tampara, Anshupa, Hirakud, Koraput, Malkangiri, |
| Kite Boarding | Ramchandi, Puri Beach, Gopalpur Sea Beach, Sonapur, Talasari | Mountaineering/ Trekking & Rock Climbing | Mahendragiri, Daringbadi, Deomali, Barunei Hills, Hirakud, Chilika, Kolab | River Cruising | Bhitanakika, Paradip, Cuttack, Hirakud, Kolab, Balimela, Rengali Dam, & major reservoirs |
| Hang Gliding/ Paragliding | Deomali, Daringbadi, Barunei Hill, Mahendragiri | Personal Light Electric Vehicle (Plev/Segway) Tours | Chandaka Wildlife Sanctuary, Barunei Hill, Chandipur Beach, Gopalpur Beach, Talasari Beach, Puri-Chandrabhaga Beach, Deomali, Chilika, Kolab, Tampara, all Ecotour Sites | Scuba Diving | Gopalpur, Puri, Sonapur, Astaranga, Hirakud |
| Para Motoring | Gopalpur, Talasari, Chandipur, Chandrabhaga, Hirakud, Koraput Satkosia, Cuttack | All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) Tours | Hirakud, Mayurbhanj, Rourkela, Berhampur, Keonjhar | Snorkelling | Talasari, Puri, Gopalpur, Sonapur, Astaranga, Hirakud |
| Skydiving | Hirakud, Mayurbhanj, Rourkela, Berhampur, Keonjhar | Zip Wires & High Ropes Courses | Balakumari Temple, Nrusinghanath-Harishankar, Deomali, Daringbadi, Mandasaru, Hirakud, Bhimkund | Water Sports Activities Like Jet Skies, Inflatable Boats, Speed Boats, Water Zorbing, Winch Parasailing etc. | Puri Sea Beach, Chandrabhaga, Gopalpur, Sonapur, Hirakud, Mahanadi, Kolab, Chilika, Dhauli, Cuttack, Rengali Dam |
| Air Safaris | Bhubaneswar-Cuttack, Bhubaneswar-Chilika-Berhampur, Koraput, Hirakud-Sambalpur, Mahendragiri-Jirang |
Source: Odisha Adventure Tourism Guidelines, 2025, Department of Tourism, Government of Odisha
4.5.6 Marine and coastal tourism emerges as a promising sector with significant potential to further enhance Odisha’s appeal as a travel destination. Focusing on the unique coastal ecosystems, heritage sites, and water-based activities can help create a compelling narrative that attracts more visitors while promoting sustainable growth in this area. Figure 4.17 provides a broad picture of marine and coastal tourism potential in relevant districts.
Figure 4.17: Key marine and tourism attractions through the coastal districts in the State
Balasore
- Boating and Bird Watching at Talasari Beach
- Chandipur Sea Beach for its “Vanishing Sea Phenomenon” Boat rides in Balaramgadi Sea Beach
- Other growing hubs include Dublagadi Sea Beach, Dagara Sea Beach, Kasafal Sea Beach
Jagatsinghpur
- Siali Sea Beach, Sandhakuda Island & Beach
Puri
- Kayaking, Surfing, Jet Skiing and other water sports along the Puri Konark marine drive
- Bird Watching, spotting endangered Irrawady dolphins, Boating at Chilika lake
- Boating, Surfing, seasonal Camel ride at Chandrabhaga Beach
- Birdwatching, wildlife safari, Spotting of endangered Olive Ridley sea Turtle at Balukhand-Konark Wildlife Sanctuary
Bhadrak
- Bhadrak Sea Beach at Chudamani
Kendrapara
- Bhitarkanika National Park & crocodile nesting center (Saltwater Crocodile, White Crocodile)
- Spotting Species of Flora and Fauna
- Guided tours in the backwaters of Brahmani & Baitarani river from Khola to Dangmal and vice versa
- Pentha Beach-Bhitarkanika Eco-Retreat offers boating in the creeks, Olive Ridley turtles-spotting, birding, local sightseeing
- Largest nesting ground for Olive Ridley Turtles at Gahirmatha Marine Wildlife Sanctuary
Ganjam
- Birdwatching, Boating, Adventure sports such as water scooters at Tampara lake
- Olive Ridley Turtle Nesting & Hatching at Rushikulya Beach
- Boating, water surfing, water scooter at Gopalpur Beach
Source: Department of Tourism, Government of Odisha
Box 4.6: Economic opportunities of Chilika Lake as compared to Lake Pontchartrain
Chilika Lake Development: Learning from Lake Pontchartrain: Chilika Lake, Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon at 1,100 sq km, has significant untapped potential compared to Louisiana’s Lake Pontchartrain (630 sq km). While both are brackish ecosystems, Chilika’s UNESCO World Heritage status provides a stronger foundation for eco-tourism development. The lake hosts over one million migratory birds and endangered Irrawaddy dolphins, creating unique biodiversity advantages. Learning from Lake Pontchartrain’s successful integration of recreation, commercial activities, and environmental conservation, Chilika can expand significantly. It can move beyond current basic boat services to islands by introducing adventure tourism elements. These include kayaking, windsurfing, sailing regattas, and wildlife photography contests in designated zones. Lake Pontchartrain’s thriving oyster farming industry demonstrates how brackish waters support sustainable aquaculture. Chilika’s similar ecosystem has excellent potential for oyster cultivation and seaweed farming. These activities act as natural water filters while diversifying livelihoods for the 200,000+ fishing communities.
In addition, luxury houseboating experiences, establishing sailing clubs and schools, multi-day cruise tourism with wildlife viewing expeditions can be launched alongside community-based oyster farms. Seaweed cultivation zones have potential to complement existing activities. Key improvements include building eco-friendly marinas, floating restaurants, and observation decks. Aquaculture processing facilities can showcase sustainable farming practices to tourists. By implementing Lake Pontchartrain’s community-based management model, Chilika can achieve strategic zoning. This separates conservation, recreation, fishing, and aquaculture areas effectively. Chilika has potential to position itself as India’s premier brackish water destination combining adventure tourism with sustainable blue economy practices. This integrated approach can generate diverse income streams for local communities. Revenue streams include tourism, oyster farming, and seaweed production while maintaining ecological integrity. The development has capacity to attract international eco-tourists and establish Chilika as Asia’s leading example.
4.6 CONCLUSION
4.6.1 The Blue Economy offers Odisha a transformative pathway to achieve sustainable, inclusive, and future-ready economic growth. With its 575-km coastline, vast freshwater and brackish water resources, rich biodiversity, and expanding maritime infrastructure, the state is uniquely positioned to harness ocean-based opportunities across fisheries, aquaculture, renewable energy, biotechnology, ports, and coastal tourism.
4.6.2 The state has performed strongly in fisheries production and marine exports, with total fish output rising steadily and emerging as a major exporter in the country. To build on this momentum, Odisha needs to accelerate the promotion of deep sea fishing through modern vessels, enhanced safety systems, and expanded harbour infrastructure, enabling the state to tap underutilized oceanic resources. At the same time, greater focus on marine and coastal tourism—leveraging Odisha’s beaches, lagoons, and heritage sites, along with development of offshore wind energy potential, will be crucial for diversifying the Blue Economy and fully harnessing the state’s natural advantages.
A black and white line drawing of a fish farm. In the foreground, four circular pens are arranged in a cross pattern, each containing water and two fish. A worker in a wetsuit and cap stands in each pen, feeding the fish from a bucket. A central walkway connects the pens. To the left, a small control building with a circular gauge on its side sits on a platform. A worker stands on the platform, feeding fish from a bucket. To the right, a motorboat with a cabin and a mast is docked. A crane arm extends from the boat towards the pens. The background shows a body of water with stylized waves, distant hills, and three simple cloud outlines in the sky.